Method of compacting earth



LGSQSZ 7 NOV. 29, 19127.

C. N. FRIZ METHOD OF COMPACTING EARTH 2 Sheets-Shet l Filed Jan, 27, 1927 IN VEN TOR. @de fm@ A TTORNEYS Nov. 29, 1927..

C. N. FRlZ METHOD 0F COMPAGTING EARTH Filed Jan. 27. 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 T ATTORNEY:

:finge ot Figi?? .Y

Patented Nov. Z9, i927.

issn

' .oLYn-E n. raiz, on BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

'METHOD' 0F GOMPACTING EARTH.

`Application filed January' 27, 192'?.` SerialNo. 164,058.

The invention relates to the compaction'of earth inpreparation for placing `structures such as buildings, roads, railways, or the like, thereon and has as an object the provision ot a method whereby the earth maybe compacted to a considerable depth and `to substantially the consistence of rotten rock."

It is a further objectof` the invention to form the excavation for buildings and for the footings thereof in whole or in part by the compaction of the earth below the site read in connectionywith the accompanying drawings showing .an illustrative .zrembodi-f ment of the invention and wherein:

Fig-1V is a plan view showing),` certain forms in situ andindicating' portions of earth already compacted;` f y A Fig. Qiis a vertioalVsectionof a guidelior a hammer for placingthe forms, showing two `forms in elevation; i

Fig', 3 isa like" view showing; the driving l l 4 l Y s that; no settlement will occur and the railheadlfor theformremoved and the hammer in, positionftor compactine; the earth within one of thel'orms, the iirst for-m having been removed; n n *n* Fig. 4l is a transverse section of the guide shown in Figs. 2 andB; y

Fig. 5Yis a plan yview 'oit' the modified 'form of compacting forni showing the plurality thereof Awhich may be left in situ duri-ng' con-l struction of a foundation toserve asjsheet" piling;

Fig, 6 Lis a side elevation of al type "of form `ttor compaction showingfplank sheet piling rto be placedsimultaneouslywith thedrlvlng of the form Fig. Tis a vertical section Online of Fig; i l Y K Fign is a detail planlviewof a portion-pf an excavation surreunded'witli' thel sheet.pijlm Fig; 9 is plan view of the structure of Fig. 6; and

Fig. `l() is a vertical section of a marine device. l

`In the compaction of earth asheretotorel provided either by a rol-ler or by a hammer, .the weight oi the compactlng instrument is borne by a pyramid of earth in which the c earth most greatly condensed at the surface and in which the density lessens as the supportingl pyramid widens below the surface.

The side .oft the pyramid is to some extent under compaction as modified by the surrounding,"A uncompacted earth. this fact, by heretofore known methods, it has only beenpossible to compact the earth Because of.

`similar to the angle of repose of the material 1 to any great extent for av slight distance bef i low the surface, at leastfwithout the use of compactingweights in excess of that which it is `practicable to apply; According to the present process, a column of earth to be compacted issegrepgatedtrom the surrounding earth and must therefore support the weight and :impact of the compacting instrumentsolely upon the cross section of the column, by virtue of whichimethod the earth maybe 'compacted to a'considerable depth through `the segregated area.

. By'virtue of the present process,-it is pos- Msible to make a :till for Va railway or the like,

and, bypcai'rying out the process through the lill, to compact the` entirefill to such a. densiway or` roadway or a building'may immediatelyfbe placed upon the till withoutturther settleinent.` Intheerection ol. buildings,un `Y less piles have -beencarried to bed rock, there has always been' a settlement of the building and it has been the hope of the builder, which f is'not always well-tounded, that the settle- :ment willtakefplace evenly to leave the building'I plumb` alterl settlement has ceased.

`A 'building placed-upon a site according to the present `inventionwill settle little if any `and therefore` the danger of its goingout of plumb is removed.

As shown` inFigure 1,'the portionsA 10,1111, ,12, 13,14, and 15 show areas of previous ico.

compaction. `For the purposes of the] inven-n` 16 is shown in dotted lines and the compaction is started at one side of the portion to be treated, the result of the initial treatment being to compacta portion ofearth which is vertical against the two sides of form 16 and the compaction opposite the opensides of the form will be the surface of af pyramid as abovereferred to in the oldpracti'ce. The sloping portion of the compaction will also be present through the portions 11 to 15 1nclusive but the sides of these compacted portions abutting 'against the previously compacted. portion m'll be vertical since the action of the impacting instrument Will be confined: upon three sides throughout these portions, two of the sides being segregated by/theiform 16k or'. 17 and a third side being i conin'edbyf the previouslyl compacted column. Inthe position of the form shown at 17, aswell as throughout the'interiorof the A area toibe'coinpacted, each compacted col um-ntoi' earth will be confined upon four sides.- Tli'e conlinement' upon two sides of each column-Will result from the use of form 16' =ori17 fandi the remainingr two sides Will be confined by the sides of the previously compacted columns.LA Inthis manner a railway or roadway' fill may be compacted through the'enclosed area to a considerable depth as already referred to and will be bounded by a lesserfcompactcdarea, the sides of which slope outwardly and downwardly.

f As shown infFigure 2, the lower edge of -one'sidefof each' form is cut upon a' diagonal as'indicatcd at 18, 19,tof cause the form to hug`- theI previous form ,in a manner Well 'Y understood' in the driving of sheet piling.

To Vprevent; :battering or brooming of bthe upper edge otfthe fornrunderrthe impact of the-hannner 20,n aV driving head 21 is indi;

i cated as resting upon the upper end ofthe treatmentfbymeans of;` shell 522;' vlfiitrbe'deform. Toygui'deth'e hammer in its blows, thereis provided a hollow shell 22, shown as integral f with ,the form 16 or'lf provided with a slot to receive.thefdri-ving `head 21 and f from whichY the headV may Vbe removed When-the fornrhas been placed,r allowing lthe blows'f ot' the hammer to fall" upon the'earth withinf'the'lornuguided'so as tostrike accuratelyz'upon:thecoluxnn of earth 25 under 'f 'sired .toVA protect the columns already com- 5.' '-lize'djvvhich'form. comprisesiafth'ree sided structure'op'en' upon the remainingside.' A

pacted from :disturbance during'compacting of succeeding portions,l a form' off the `charactersh'oivnin,v Figure 5 atlQG maybe utiwhich may be left' kin -placeto prevent the' 'disturbance' referred Itoy through subsequent pattedareas/areinrlicatedffat 27.'A p

7 lf itbe desired to place-sheet .piling about f fan' .excavation as indicated. in Figures 7 8, cand 9; arfrm iszprovided. having adriving head 28 seating upon the form and having a depending flange :29. Sheet piling such as tivo-inch planks 23 may be placed against the side of the form as indicated in Figure 9,,xvhich planks will lie` in contact with the side of the form and will be overlapped by the head 2S, the flange 29 holding the planks at their upper edge closely against the surface of the form. The form and planks may therefore be driven simultaneously, the earth compacted within the form, and the earth may then be removed leaving the planks in place to serve as sheetA piling. this method,- the planks will not deteriorate in service' and may be salvagedin substantially their former condition for reuse'. r

In Figure 7, the planks are `indicated as berelled` at their lowerends 3() to cause the planks to hug the form while being driven. To brace the thus provided sheet piling ivales 2l ma;v bey placed against the planks and braces 3S resting against stakes 38 driven in the compacted area, maybe provided to support the piling: Y

In the formation of excavations, the amount of compaction: possible orvdesirable may be estimated-and a portion of the soill indicated at 3l may be removed after which the portionindicated at 32 maybe compacted to provide the desired depth of excavation; The amount .which yit is necessary to thus remove'will, as stated, vary with' the character of the soil `and in the case of thenewfills, Vthe entire excavationmay be providedwithout removal'ol any ofthe fzoil upon the site thus avoiding-the'necessity of steam shovel work and of. hauling avra/y materialzwhich itis desirable to retain' below thei'site in compacted form. ForI purposes of." excavation, thesite'may be'uniformly compacted throughout after which portions for the` outside wall',4 which 'portions f yareindicated at'38, 34, maybe I.still further pactedito` `provide depressed? areas of maximum compaction forreception of the Column footing throughout thefsite. f

Waterways may be"` deepened bythe process i ill IUI)

ofthe invention instead of dredgingiand i for; this purpose' the device of' Fig.' lOlLis provided. y In this iigure,"a' closedfform and guideBQareshown having aildiaphlrwgni 40 provided with a packing 41 to exclude water. Suchkformis placed against theliottorn of thejwaterway with theldiaphragmfiO lying thereagainstfwhen the formisdriven' by the hammer falling on the driving head 427, with upward :displacement tot? the diaphragm in the forma The head is then removed andr thestrataf` compacted by blows' of the ihamyvr'nerf'upon the ,diaphragm.f`

Varying characters of column'ssegregatilig @iti forms may be utilized andminor changesy successive portions ot'earth usinga portion already compacted as one part of each successive segregating means and compacting each successive portion in turn.

3. The process of compact-ing earth which comprises placing an open sided form suc cessively about a boundary ot area to be compacted and coinpacting the earth within the same, the outer boundary of the co1npacted material sloping downwardly and outwardly about said, area, successively placing said form within `said boundary and compacting vertical sided columns of thus segregated portions to provide the maximum compaction to a considerable depth throughout the area to be compacted.

4f. The process ot' simultaneously compacting earth and producing an excavation which comprises segregating successive portions of the earth within the excavation area and condensing the earth in such successive `portions whereby to lower the general level of the excavation tothe desired depth and to provide a foundation through the excavation of the compacted earth. v 4 p 5. The process oit simultaneously compact'- ing earth and producing an excavation which comprises segregating successive portions of the earth within the excavation area and condensing the earth in such successive portions whereby to lower the general level of the excavation to the desir-ed depth and to provide a foundation through the excavation of the compacted earth and coinpactiiig footing areas within said excavation to reducel their level below the general level of the ex-` cavation. 6. The process of simultaneously compacting earth and producing an excavation havu ing a sheet piling supported boundary which` comprises simultaneously driving a form and `sheet piling aboutithe boundary of .said excavation, compacting the earth in successive portions of saidv boundary, removing the form and leaving the sheet piling in place, segregating successive portions or" the in terior of the excavation site andcompacting the successive portions in the order Segre `gated whereby to lower the area of 1the exoavation to the desired depth.

T. Means for compacting earth comprising an open sided form, a polygonal guide having means coacting with the end of said form toy guide the blows or' a hammer utilized for compaction of the earth within the form.

8. A driving head. for simultaneously iii- V serting sheet piling and a hollow forni within which to compact earth comprising a head lia-ving a socket to fit `over the form and a ledge depending` upon one side of the socket adapted to overlie the lend of the sheet piling `in contact with the form andy to holdthe same thereagainst in the act of driving both Y Y the form and theV sheet piling. n

l CLYDE N. raiz.. y 

